Pregnancy and lactation are critical periods for fetal and infant growth and development. Diet and nutrients not only play an essential role in growth and development of offspring but also in prevention of obstetric, neonatal, and infant health complications. Plant based diets, especially vegan diets, restrict intake of foods from not just one but several food groups (e.g. dairy, meats). This places vegans at risk of developing some nutrient deficiencies that may impact offspring’s health. In fact, research studies have documented high prevalence of such nutrient deficiencies as vitamin B12 or iodine, and low intake of such nutrients as docosahexaenoic acid, among vegans. To a lesser degree, diets of vegetarians are also restricted, though nutrient deficiencies among vegetarians are less likely compared to among vegans. Still, research studies have shown high prevalence of such nutrient deficiencies as vitamin B12 and iron among vegetarians.

 

This lecture is designed to highlight important information regarding nutrients of concern among pregnant and lactating vegan and vegetarian mothers. Emphasis will be placed on ways to avoid nutrient deficiencies in order to prevent adverse health outcomes among women and offspring.